Within this region are some of the most diverse and racially integrated municipalities in the state and nation, including Montclair, West Orange, South Orange and Maplewood. In contrast, Western Essex tends to be more suburban and affluent. In 2008, Newark had 67 homicides, down from 105 in 2007 and the record of 161 murders set in 1981. While crime rates have fallen significantly in these cities in recent years, they nonetheless remain high here compared to national crime statistics, as well as Irvington, and Orange. Neighboring East Orange has also experienced a decline in crimes, dropping 50% in the three years (2005 to 2007). By 2006, crime in Newark had fallen 60% over the previous decade to its lowest levels in 40 years. This is a turnaround from the deterioration and abandonment experienced in the post-riot 1970s, 1980s and early part of the 1990s.Ĭrime in this part of the county has traditionally been among the highest in the state and the country as well, but recently has also seen significant declines, mirroring its large neighbor to the east, New York City. Newark has since then become one of the fastest-growing cities in the entire Northeast, and reported a gain in median income and drop in poverty rate. Many reasons were cited: citywide incentives to encourage construction development, an improving local economy, the rising demand of low-cost housing so close to Manhattan. In the 2000s, Newark led the state in the issuance of building permits. īeginning at about the turn of the century, this region led the state in the rebuilding and rehab of its housing stock. As of the 2000 Census, 36% of Nutley residents indicated that they were of Italian ancestry, the 12th-highest of any municipality in the nation and third-highest in New Jersey. Belleville and Bloomfield are suburbs with historic Italian communities that, in spite of retaining a core Italian-American population, now have many immigrants from Latin America and Asia. East Orange is home to the Presidential Estate neighborhood, a well-kept area of large, pre-war, single-family homes. The east side of Newark is the Ironbound, a working-class Brazilian and Portuguese community. For example, north and west sides of Newark have well-kept suburban areas such as Vailsburg and Forest Hill. Within this general area, however, are numerous areas comprised of safe, mixed and middle-income neighborhoods of diverse populations. The wide area of Eastern Essex has significant pockets of high population, high building density, high poverty, and high crime rates. Like many of the counties of Northern New Jersey near New York City-which tend to have sharp divides between relatively rich suburban neighborhoods and less wealthy, more densely populated cities nearby-the eastern region of Essex County tends to be poorer and more urbanized, while the western parts tend to be more affluent and suburban. Many of the county's smallest municipalities have population densities that are comparable to those of many big cities, and are well above the state's average which in turn is the highest in the nation. Newark, with a population density of 11,458.3 people per square mile, is the largest municipality in the county both in terms of land area (24.19 square miles) and population (277,140), while Caldwell is the smallest in terms of land area (1.17 square miles) and Essex Fells has the smallest population (2,113). Based on data from the 2010 census, Essex County is the 14th-most densely populated county in the United States, and was ranked second in the state after Hudson County (which ranked sixth in the nation at 13,731.4 per square mile). The county is named after Essex, a county in the East of England.
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